build your startup investment portfolio in estonia with e-⁠Residency

Maya Middlemiss • Feb 07, 2025 • 9 min read

Whether you’re interested in cutting-edge AI, dual use technologies, or the next climate tech unicorn, there's never been a better time to invest in Estonian startups

Human hand stacking coins over a black background with hexagonal golden shapes. Concept of finance and startup investment portfolio diversification

Technology is radically transforming the world faster than ever, and whatever happens in the global economy, innovative sectors like green tech, artificial intelligence (AI), cybersecurity, and defence tech are booming. These are exciting times for savvy investors looking to grow their startup investment portfolios. It's also a great opportunity for investors to make a significant impact in the world (as well as their wallets).

Europe has a proud tradition of funding entrepreneurship, and within this trading bloc, Estonia stands out: With over €2 billion VC investment annually in startups and the highest startup density in Europe, it has achieved well-deserved status as a global hub for innovation.

Indeed, as David Clark from Tera Ventures pointed out:

“The size of the country is actually a massive advantage, because it means you have to build a global business from day one”.

The early success of unicorns like Wise and Bolt signalled Estonia’s potential for creating startups which achieve global scale, rapidly outgrowing Estonia’s borders.

From Estonia to the world…

“While many companies can aim to be the number one company in Sweden or Germany and France and just really focus on the home market, in Estonia you have to think beyond that from the start,” David continued.

And he should know, having visited Estonia to study 12 years ago, then staying—relocating from the UK, first for love, and then for the business potential.

Back when he arrived, there was probably around 20 million in venture funding in Estonia, and mostly directed through the state VC fund, Arengufond (now SmartCAP). Tera Ventures was created as the strategy changed, and today invests in early stage born-global digital startups, building their portfolio with one eye always on the future, and deeply rooted in Estonia and the surrounding region. As David points out:

“Estonian startups are already living in the future, because you have these great government systems, which mean you’re already advantaged. You can just focus your time on running the company rather than setting it up.”

No wonder then that e-⁠residents want to be part of the action, and are using their Estonian companies to open brokerage accounts and make investments globally.

Some fintech solutions and brokerage apps specifically cater to e-⁠resident businesses, facilitating access to investment opportunities. Financial service activities, (excluding insurance and pension funding) ranks 7th as a sector, with 1,458 companies at the time of writing.

Investing in Estonia: Making safer bets in volatile times

Estonia’s growth and prospects are increasingly attractive for investors. So, how easy is it for e-residents to invest there?

Understanding the basics of startup investment

Startup investing has become a key strategy for those looking to achieve high returns while supporting groundbreaking innovation. However, understanding the fundamentals is crucial before diving into this exciting world.

Why Are Startups So Attractive to Investors?

The appeal of startups lies in their high-growth potential and focus on innovation. Startups often work on solving critical problems or disrupting industries, giving investors the opportunity to fund visionary ideas at an early stage. In sectors like AI, security, and green tech, the potential for transformative impact can translate into lucrative returns for those willing to take the risk.

Early-stage startup investments are particularly appealing due to their low initial valuations, offering higher stakes in the company for relatively modest capital. Investors also eye exit opportunities, such as acquisitions or initial public offerings (IPOs), which can provide substantial returns on their initial commitment.

However, it’s not all upside. The risk-reward ratio in startup investment is skewed, with a significant portion of startups failing to break even, let alone deliver profits. It’s this balance of high risk and potentially outsized rewards that makes startup investment both challenging and enticing. Funds typically make multiple bets, and win very big–on very few outlier success stories.

Estonia’s startup growth credentials

Investors must therefore do all they can to lengthen the odds in their favour. One way might be to look inevitably to the most technological nation on earth.

Driven by its advanced digital infrastructure, government support, and forward-thinking culture, Estonia is a country where efficiency meets innovation, creating a fertile ground for ambitious founders and investors alike. The combination of being a small, agile country while acting within the world’s largest grading bloc is incredibly powerful for making things happen, including getting funded.

While the digital business infrastructure makes founding a company as frictionless as it gets for international entrepreneurs, the size of the country doesn't just help local enterprises get things done. It smooths the path for everyone, as David explains:

“In Estonia, It’s so much easier to meet the right people, whether it’s top founders, talent, or government officials. That proximity really helps build global businesses.”

This proximity also supports unusually fluid direct ties and collaboration between academia, the state, and industry.

Liberal business regulation, and competitive and transparent taxation are further major advantages for anyone investing in Estonian businesses, including zero tax on the transfer of shares.

e-Residency offers Investors

Easy access to the thriving Estonian ecosystem, a digital ID for smooth, secure legal signing, and a streamlined process to register an investment vehicle.

E-⁠Residency: the gateway to Estonia’s startup ecosystem

For international entrepreneurs, the Estonian e-⁠Residency programme offers a gateway to this thriving ecosystem, whether they’re seeking backing themselves, or want to grow their wealth in Estonia.

The programme supports its community of e-⁠resident entrepreneurs directly, through access to programs like Startup Wise Guys accelerator, Tehnopol Startup Incubator, and Accelerate Estonia. In addition to these funding, mentorship and networking opportunities, there is of course the e-⁠Residency community itself. E-⁠residents can also join local business chambers, and attend conferences like Latitude59 and sTARTUp Day to find investment and partnership opportunities.

Many end up spending longer in Estonia as a result, following that well trodden path from e-⁠resident to investing and hiring in Estonia, to eventually relocating fully. “We love to see new people come and discover the benefits,” enthused David. “There’s never enough talent, never enough founders, in any ecosystem.

“Estonia is so well known and internationally respected now for startup success, and many global investors want to invest here because they know their home countries don’t have a monopoly on the best talent and the best founders.”

Key sectors attracting investment in Estonia in 2025

So what industries are smart investors keeping an eye on right now?

Artificial Intelligence

Following global trends, Estonian startups are naturally making waves in the AI industry, just like everyone else. And AI and related machine-learning startups are familiar territory to Tera Ventures, having been backing this sector for more than a decade already.

“Of course, I still see some people speculating that AI is a bubble, but we’re really excited to see more people developing and launching AI-powered start-ups and genuinely demonstrating the value. I think we're still at the beginning of an amazing trend there,” David explained.

E-resident startup Co-One is a great example of this, created by Turkish founders, who are working with local Estonian engineers to deliver their vision for enterprise-ready GenAI products.

Making AI Real-World Ready

Meet Turkish e-resident Arman Kayhan, co-founder of Co-One, an AI product-focused business looking to expand into the EU Single Market

Dual-use technologies

Another response to globally driven events is the expansion of dual-use technology funding and development in Estonia. Cybersecurity and defence pressures are driving innovation and investment with urgency, while having broader applications in many environments.

As David pointed out, “we know that Europe has not got the capacity that it needs in the new geopolitical defence environment that we find ourselves in. These things need to be scaled up and relatively rapidly.

“But the advantage is that because Estonia is a small, nimble country, that we can move relatively more swiftly on these things, than some other countries can.”

Estonia hosts one of NATO DIANA's European accelerators at the Tehnopol Science and Business Park, which supports startups developing technologies with both civilian and military applications. Dual use technologies being developed in Estonia include communications systems, drone applications, and underwater identification and monitoring systems.

On January 30th, Ukrainian e-resident founder of Farsight Vision, Viktoriia Yaremchuk, delivered a well-received keynote on “Geospatial Intelligence in 3D/VR: Case for Ukrainian Defence Forces” at sTARTUp Day. In her presentation, Viktoriia discussed the very high tech and agile product her team is building, as well as the advantages that defence investment can have for broader innovation.

Countries like Estonia are actively involved in supporting and nurturing social enterprises from the startup phase, providing institutional support and funding, and creating a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation. According to an OECD report from 2020, the “start-up culture and the multiplicity of “bottom-up” initiatives has laid the ground for the ecosystem for social innovation to develop and flourish” in Estonia.

From circular economy businesses to sustainable fashion, renewable energy to green construction innovation, there are increasing numbers of social impact startups to invest in that are based Estonia.

Read our recent article covering Estonian and e-resident founded startups in the sustainability and social impact space.

A man standing in front of a self-driving bus, one on many innovations in Estonia

Sustainable social impact startups

An overview of sustainability trends, with examples of social impact startups from Estonia, including some founded by e-residents!

Practical steps for aspiring startup investors

For those looking to explore investing in Estonia’s fast-moving startup scene, e-⁠Residency provides a straightforward path to establishing and managing those investments. Here are the key steps to get started:

Apply for e-⁠Residency: Get your Estonian digital ID to access secure online business services.
Register a Company: Establish a legal entity in Estonia to manage investments efficiently.
Network at Events: Attend Latitude59 and sTARTUp Day to connect with founders and investors.
Leverage Digital Tools: Use Estonia’s e-services for seamless transactions and compliance.
Conduct Due Diligence: Evaluate startups’ market fit, scalability, and founding team thanks to Estonia's truly transparent online business registry and e-services
Connect with Local Expertise: Access the e-⁠Residency Marketplace for legal and financial support.

Invest in Estonia

Apply for e-Residency

Estonian startup investment—the moment is now!

It’s easy to join the next wave of global success stories. For entrepreneurs ready to take their first steps into startup investment—or expand their existing portfolios—Estonia offers an unmatched combination of innovation, accessibility, and global outlook. As David enthuses:

“Digital Estonia is only 30 years old, e-Residency has only been going for 10 years. There is so much more going to happen in the next decade in Estonia!”

Whether you’re inspired by cutting-edge AI, dual use technology, or the next global unicorn, there has never been a better time to get invested.

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