estonia has lots to offer nature lovers

Grete Rahnel • Feb 11, 2025 • 11 min read

What makes Estonia so special? From food to language, find out in our special series. In this article, learn more about Estonian nature.

Enjoying Estonian nature with a morning sunrise at a bog lake — A morning sunrise at a bog lake

Our previous blogs gave you a brief insight into Estonia's language and cuisine. This time, however, we're shifting the focus to Estonian nature. The country's breathtaking natural landscapes will surely evoke emotions even in the most ardent city lover. Even a small country like Estonia has a lot to offer. Pine, birch, spruce, and aspen forests cover 50% of our territory, with countless hidden treasures located in every corner.

With Estonia celebrating its 107th anniversary as an independent nation on 24 February 2025, what better way to honour it than by exploring some of Estonia’s most stunning and exciting natural sights? From serene islands to hidden gems, Estonia offers countless opportunities to reconnect with nature and revitalise your spirit. As they say, spending time outdoors is a natural mood booster!

So, lace up your hiking shoes, bundle up in your cosiest layers, and get ready to embrace the surprises of Estonia’s five (!) seasons, intriguing bogs, and over 2,222 islands.

The best of Estonian nature

Bogs
National parks and Estonia’s special fifth season
Islands
- Saaremaa and Muhumaa
- Hiiumaa
- Vormsi
- Kihnu
- Pakri
My favourite hidden gems

1. Bogs

When someone mentions bogs or wetlands to foreigners, the first reaction might be a confused one. What do you mean, bogs? Most people wouldn’t immediately think of scenic hiking trails or natural swimming spots. Instead, their minds might jump to something like the swamp where the movie character Shrek lived.

Hiking in Estonian nature on a bog — Hiking on a bog

Let us assure you—our bogs are nothing like that! They are actually some of the oldest natural formations in the territory - up to 10,000 years old. Formed after the last ice age, they are like huge natural sponges with deep layers of peat, freshwater pools and lakes, and hardy vegetation that requires little nutrients or minerals, such as sphagnum moss. Over the years, wooden hiking trails and lookout points have been built up on many bogs in different parts of Estonia.

In general, you have two options to experience an Estonian bog: (1) join a day trip from Tallinn; or (2) rent a car and enjoy the freedom to discover everything just as much as you prefer to. Here are a few to visit:

Viru bog, located about an hour drive from Tallinn

Kakerdaja nature trail and official swimming spot

Kõnnu Suursoo bog, one of the best bogs to watch the sunrise

Loosalu nature trail, about a 1-hour drive South from Tallinn

Mukri bog in Rapla county has a camping site and is a great stop when heading from Pärnu to Tallinn or vice versa

The best season to explore Estonian bogs is undoubtedly summer. During this time, Estonians enjoy the sun and refreshing freshwater swimming spots. For a truly unforgettable experience, early risers should check out the sunrise for a truly breathtaking scene—a magical moment for nature lovers.

2. National parks and Estonia’s special fifth season

Did you know that Estonia is one of only seven countries where the air quality meets the World Health Organisation's stringent guidelines? That means every breath you take here is as refreshing as the scenery. Whether it’s a peaceful walk in a snow-covered forest, a vibrant spring hike, or an autumn stroll through golden foliage, Estonia’s natural beauty is waiting to be discovered all year round.

A man canoeing through the flood lands of Soomaa national park — Soomaa National Park

If you’re enthusiastically seeking Estonian nature, the country's five national parks are a good place to start, offering everything from hiking and birdwatching to canoeing and exploring breathtaking landscapes. Lahemaa National Park, the northernmost and largest, has received the prestigious EUROPARC quality label and is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts- you can even join the guided tours to spot lynx, brown bears, and wolves! Its mix of forests, wetlands, and historic manors adds to its allure.

For a truly unforgettable experience, head to Soomaa National Park, famous for its “fifth season” floods when spring thaws transform the landscape into a water-filled wonderland, best explored by canoe or kayak along its rivers. Don’t forget to pack extra dry clothes, just in case!

3. Islands

Estonia is home to over 2,222 islands across the Baltic Sea. While many of these islands are small and uninhabited, they are vital to Estonia's rich natural diversity. Who doesn’t love a getaway to explore unique landscapes, immerse themselves in local heritage, and discover vibrant art? Estonian islands are among the top tourist attractions- and they’re only a short and convenient ferry ride away!

Saaremaa and Muhumaa

Saaremaa is Estonia's largest island and one of the most popular tourist destinations. The island's sceneries are diversified, with marshes, woodlands, juniper-covered beaches, and more sunshine than anywhere else in Estonia.

Kaali Meteorite Crater, Saaremaa in Autumn

Saaremaa is also a popular seaside vacation for Estonians! Whether you’re a nature enthusiast, a foodie, or an art lover, Saaremaa has something for everyone. In the capital, Kuressaare, you’ll find the impressive Kuressaare Castle, a rare gem of medieval architecture in Estonia. It’s the only completely preserved fortress complex in the Baltic States, making it a must-visit for history and architecture enthusiasts! Another fascinating stop on the tour is the Kaali Meteorite Crater, one of the most easily accessible meteorite craters in the world.

A couple of hours drive from Saaremaa is Estonia’s third-largest island, Muhumaa. The two islands are connected by the Väinatamm — a scenic drive across the shallow Väinameri Strait. These two islands are usually explored together; Muhumaa offers adorable historic villages and a strong cultural heritage. Want to experience something unique to Estonian nature? Definitely visit Üügu Bluff, which is located on the north-eastern coast of Muhumaa. The bluff is situated somewhat inland from the shore, but the sea has had a long-lasting effect on it over the past millennia, hollowing out the slate in some places and creating cave-like basins. For sea lovers, take a ride on one of the historically known Viking ships of Saaremaa on the Väinameri Sea! Fun fact: The sea vessel Uisk was a symbol of Muhumaa on the Väinameri Sea for almost 1,000 years.

For spiritual festival lovers, I Land Sound is a must attend event. It takes place in summer near Orissaare - a very short drive from Muhu! I Land Sound ties ‘together beautiful nature, music, art, beautiful people and all the best that Estonian summer has to offer. A word of warning though - as the festival’s concept is a spiritual journey, you might experience an awakening!

Hiiumaa

The second largest island in Estonia is home to fewer than ten thousand people. As Visit Estonia aptly describes this magical place:

"Hiiumaa is a huge spa for the soul — breathe fresh air while walking in the forest, let your thoughts wander while you steam in the sauna, or focus on work in a stunning setting for a remote home office."

For sea lovers, Hiiumaa offers sandy beaches and perfect waves for different kinds of surfing activities. One of the best is called Surf Paradise, where you can even rent your own board to try surfing the waves.

The island is also well known for its three lighthouses. Two of them, Ristna and Tahkuna, were designed and manufactured in France, and Kõpu Lighthouse is a historic jewel, built during the 16th century, making it one of the oldest lighthouses in the world, and with breathtaking views!

Hiiumaa - where the forest meets the Baltic Sea

Vormsi

Imagine immersing yourself in nature and enjoying the peaceful serenity far from the hustle and bustle of city life. Who wouldn’t want to take a break, leave their busy schedule behind, and explore the fourth biggest island of Vormsi?

Vormsi seamlessly blends environmental harmony and tradition - perfect for seekers of Estonian nature and culture. Did you know that Vormsi’s community economy thrives on local resources? This environmentally friendly island boasts an impressively organised waste management system, governed by council-established rules. Protecting the stunning landscapes preserves local heritage and also safeguards the unique species that call Vormsi home.

It's incredibly easy to explore Vormsi by bike - it’s the ideal way to get around and experience its charm. Be sure to visit Vormsi’s three lighthouses, each perched near the seaside, offering stunning views and a sense of history. For the best experience, consider booking a local tour guide. Their stories and insights will unveil historical secrets and fascinating details you’d never uncover.

E-Residency also has a special connection to Vormsi, having hosted a hundred odd e-residents and programme partners there for the Digital Nation Hackathon in 2019. All who attended fondly remember cycling around the pristine island, enthusiastically tackling problems, enjoying sauna on late Summer misty evenings, and celebrating late into the night in the island’s only pub!

E-Residency Digital Nation Hackathon

A recap of how 100 enthusiastic e-residents and partners descended on Estonia’s 4th biggest island of Vormsi over a long weekend.

Kihnu

Ask any Estonian about Kihnu, and they'll probably say it's one of the country's most culturally distinct islands and they will undoubtedly mention Kihnu Virve. Kihnu's ancient customs, strong folk culture, and matriarchal way of life have survived for centuries despite its small population of 700. Life here is a seamless blend of history and modernity, with vibrant clothes, a lively accent, knitting grandparents, hard-working fisherman, and village dances as part of everyday life.

The island is home to numerous museums that highlight its history, exciting concerts, and breathtaking scenery. Summer is the ideal time to visit, with a full calendar of events from sauna festivals to Kihnu discos. Surrounded by the sea, Kihnu invites you to relax by the water—so don't forget to pack your sunscreen and a swimsuit!

Pakri

The Pakri Islands, consisting of Väike-Pakri (Small Pakri) and Suur-Pakri (Large Pakri), are two scenic and historically significant islands located off the northwestern coast of Estonia, near the town of Paldiski. You can find Pakri hiking thrills and exciting locations for birdwatchers.

3. My favourite hidden gems

Pakri Cliffs

If you’re looking for unique photo opportunities and the feeling of standing on the edge of the world, Pakri Cliffs are the perfect destination. These limestone cliffs offer spectacular views of the Baltic Sea, especially from the top of the Pakri Lighthouse. The cliffs have a timeless, cinematic beauty—like stepping straight into a scene from an old film. The waves crashing below and the dramatic landscape stretching into the horizon - sounds breathtaking?

Climbing the Pakri Lighthouse, one of the tallest in Estonia, is a must. The panoramic view from the top is spectacular, making it one of the favourite spots for photographers and adventure seekers. However, don’t forget to prepare for strong winds that often sweep across the cliffs—it’s all part of the thrilling experience!

Rummu Quarry

Rummu Quarry is a destination unlike anywhere else in Estonia, featuring turquoise waters nestled among limestone bedrock. It’s the perfect spot for a full day of fun and adventure! During the summertime Rummu gets quite busy as people escape from Tallinn to enjoy the few days of sunshine Estonian summer has to offer. For water lovers - definitely rent a SUP board! Believe me- you might forget you’re in Estonia because the water at Rummu is unreal.

Historical fact: Rummu Quarry in northern Estonia is a flooded former limestone quarry where Soviet-era prisoners once laboured. After operations ceased in the 1990s, it became a stunning turquoise lake, submerging buildings and machinery, and creating a unique underwater landscape.

Vilsandi

Vilsandi, located on Saaremaa's west coast, is one of my favourite sites! Did you know that it is home to approximately 30 different orchid species? For flower enthusiasts, it's like entering a natural wonderland! While getting to Vilsandi may involve some extra work, rest assured that there are several buses available to take Estonian nature lovers to your destination!

For a truly unforgettable experience, hire a local guide to accompany you across the shallow sea, wading from one island to another. It's an adventure unlike any others. If you're lucky, you might even see grey seals lounging on the beaches. Vilsandi provides a one-of-a-kind experience, whether it's rare orchids, tranquil scenery, or the thrill of spotting seals.

Estonia

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estonia has lots to offer nature lovers

The best of Estonian nature

1. Bogs

2. National parks and Estonia’s special fifth season